How Many Animals Are Slaughtered Every Year In The Us

Each yr, more than than 100 meg animals—including mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birds—are killed in U.South. laboratories for biological science lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemic, drug, nutrient, and cosmetics testing. Before their deaths, some are forced to inhale toxic fumes, others are immobilized in restraint devices for hours, some have holes drilled into their skulls, and others have their skin burned off or their spinal cords crushed. In add-on to the torment of the actual experiments, animals in laboratories are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them—they are confined to arid cages, socially isolated, and psychologically traumatized. The thinking, feeling animals who are used in experiments are treated like aught more than dispensable laboratory equipment.

Brute Experiments Are Wasteful and Unreliable

A Pew Inquiry Center poll found that 52 percent of U.S. adults oppose the use of animals in scientific research, and other surveys suggest that the shrinking group that does accept animal experimentation does and so but because it believes it to be necessary for medical progress.^5,6 The majority of animal experiments do not contribute to improving human health, and the value of the role that creature experimentation plays in well-nigh medical advances is questionable.

In an commodity published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers found that medical treatments developed in animals rarely translated to humans and warned that "patients and physicians should remain cautious about extrapolating the finding of prominent animal enquiry to the intendance of human disease … poor replication of even loftier-quality animal studies should be expected by those who conduct clinical research."^vii

Diseases that are artificially induced in animals in a laboratory, whether they be mice or monkeys, are never identical to those that occur naturally in homo beings. And because animal species differ from one another biologically in many significant ways, it becomes even more unlikely that beast experiments will yield results that will be correctly interpreted and practical to the man condition in a meaningful way.

For example, according to old National Cancer Establish Director Dr. Richard Klausner, "We have cured mice of cancer for decades, and it only didn't work in humans."⁸ This conclusion was echoed by former National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Dr. Elias Zerhouni, who acknowledged that experimenting on animals has been a boondoggle. "Nosotros take moved away from studying human affliction in humans," he said. "We all drank the Kool-Assist on that one, me included. … The problem is that it hasn't worked, and it'southward time nosotros stopped dancing around the problem. … We demand to refocus and adapt new methodologies for utilise in humans to empathize illness biology in humans."⁹

The data is sobering: Although at to the lowest degree 85 HIV/AIDS vaccines accept been successful in nonhuman primate studies, equally of 2015, every one has failed to protect humans.^ten In one case, an AIDS vaccine that was shown to be effective in monkeys failed in human clinical trials because information technology did not forbid people from developing AIDS, and some believe that it fabricated them more than susceptible to the disease. According to a study in the British paper The Independent, 1 decision from the failed report was that "testing HIV vaccines on monkeys earlier they are used on humans, does non in fact piece of work."¹¹

These are not anomalies. The National Institutes of Health has stated, "Therapeutic development is a costly, complex and time-consuming process. The average length of time from target discovery to blessing of a new drug is about 14 years. The failure rate during this process exceeds 95 percent, and the cost per successful drug can be $1 billion or more than."¹²

Enquiry published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine revealed that universities commonly exaggerate findings from fauna experiments conducted in their laboratories and "often promote inquiry that has uncertain relevance to human being health and do not provide key facts or acknowledge important limitations."¹³ One report of media coverage of scientific meetings concluded that news stories frequently omit crucial information and that "the public may be misled most the validity and relevance of the science presented."^xiv Because experimenters rarely publish results of failed creature studies, other scientists and the public exercise not have ready admission to information on the ineffectiveness of fauna experimentation.

What's the hidden cost of animal experiments? Our augmented reality experience will show you.

Effort It Now

Funding and Accountability

Through their taxes, charitable donations, and purchases of lottery tickets and consumer products, members of the public are ultimately the ones who—knowingly or unknowingly—fund fauna experimentation. Ane of the largest sources of funding comes from publicly funded government granting agencies such every bit NIH. Approximately 47 percent of NIH-funded research involves experimentation on animals, and in 2020, NIH approaching about $42 billion for research and development.^xv,xvi In addition, many charities––including the March of Dimes, the American Cancer Order, and endless others—employ donations to fund experiments on animals. I-3rd of the projects funded by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society involve animal experimentation.¹⁷

Despite the vast corporeality of public funds being used to underwrite creature experimentation, it is virtually impossible for the public to obtain electric current and complete information regarding the beast experiments that are being carried out in their communities or funded with their tax dollars. Land open up-records laws and the U.South. Freedom of Information Act can be used to obtain documents and data from state institutions, government agencies, and other federally funded facilities, but individual companies, contract labs, and animal breeders are exempt. In many cases, institutions that are bailiwick to open up-records laws fight vigorously to withhold information about animal experimentation from the public.^eighteen

Oversight and Regulation

Despite the countless animals killed each year in laboratories worldwide, most countries accept grossly inadequate regulatory measures in place to protect animals from suffering and distress or to prevent them from being used when a not-animate being approach is readily available. In the U.S., the species well-nigh commonly used in experiments (mice, rats, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians) incorporate 99% of all animals in laboratories but are specifically exempted from even the minimal protections of the federal Animate being Welfare Act (AWA).^xix,20 Many laboratories that use only these species are non required by constabulary to provide animals with pain relief or veterinary intendance, to search for and consider alternatives to animal use, to take an institutional committee review proposed experiments, or to be inspected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or whatsoever other entity. Some estimates bespeak that as many as 800 U.Southward. laboratories are not bailiwick to federal laws and inspections considering they experiment exclusively on mice, rats, and other animals whose use is largely unregulated.²¹

As for the more than 11,000 facilities that the USDA does regulate (of which more than than 1,200 are designated for "enquiry"), only 120 USDA inspectors are employed to oversee their operations.²² Reports accept repeatedly concluded that fifty-fifty the minimal standards set forth by the AWA are not being met by these facilities, and institutionally based oversight bodies, called Institutional Animal Intendance and Use Committees (IACUCs), take failed to bear out their mandate. A 1995 report by the USDA's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) "institute that the activities of the IACUCs did non ever see the standards of the AWA. Some IACUCs did not ensure that unnecessary or repetitive experiments would not be performed on laboratory animals."²³ In 2000, a USDA survey of the bureau's laboratory inspectors revealed serious problems in numerous areas, including "the search for alternatives [and] review of painful procedures."²⁴ A September 2005 audit report issued by the OIG plant ongoing "problems with the search for culling research, veterinary intendance, review of painful procedures, and the researchers' use of animals."²⁵ In Dec 2014, an OIG report documented standing problems with laboratories failing to comply with the minimal AWA standards and the USDA'south weak enforcement actions failing to deter future violations. The inspect highlighted that from 2009 to 2011, USDA inspectors cited 531 experimentation facilities for ane,379 violations stemming from the IACUCs' failure to adequately review and monitor the use of animals. The audit too determined that in 2012, the USDA reduced its penalties to AWA violators by an average of 86 percent, even in cases involving brute deaths and egregious violations.²⁶

Research co-authored by PETA documented that, on average, animate being experimenters and laboratory veterinarians comprise a combined 82 percent of the membership of IACUCs at leading U.South. institutions. A whopping 98.6 pct of the leadership of these IACUCs was also made upwards of animal experimenters. The authors observed that the ascendant function played by fauna experimenters on these committees "may dilute input from the few IACUC members representing creature welfare and the general public, contribute to previously-documented commission bias in favor of approving animate being experiments and reduce the overall objectivity and effectiveness of the oversight organization."²⁷ Fifty-fifty when facilities are fully compliant with the law, animals who are covered can exist burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, forcibly restrained, addicted to drugs, and brain-damaged. No procedures or experiments, regardless of how trivial or painful they may be, are prohibited by federal law. When valid non-beast research methods are bachelor, no federal law requires experimenters to use such methods instead of animals.

Alternatives to Animal Testing

A high-profile written report published in the prestigious BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) documenting the ineffectiveness and waste of experimentation on animals ended that "if research conducted on animals continues to be unable to reasonably predict what tin be expected in humans, the public'due south standing endorsement and funding of preclinical animal enquiry seems misplaced."²⁸

Inquiry with human volunteers, sophisticated computational methods, and in vitro studies based on human cells and tissues are critical to the advancement of medicine. Cutting-border non-animal inquiry methods are available and have been shown time and once again to be more than accurate than crude animal experiments.²⁹ However, this modern research requires a dissimilar outlook, one that is creative and empathetic and embraces the underlying philosophy of upstanding science. Man health and well-being can likewise be promoted by adopting irenic methods of scientific investigation and concentrating on the prevention of disease before it occurs, through lifestyle modification and the prevention of further environmental pollution and degradation. The public is becoming more aware and more vocal about the cruelty and inadequacy of the electric current inquiry system and is enervating that tax dollars and charitable donations not be used to fund experiments on animals.

History of Brute Testing

PETA created "Without Consent"—an interactive timeline featuring almost 200 stories of animal experiments from the past century—to open people's optics to the long history of suffering that's been inflicted on nonconsenting animals in laboratories and to challenge people to rethink this exploitation. Visit "Without Consent" to larn more than nigh harrowing animate being experiments throughout history and how you can aid create a better future for living, feeling beings.

Without Consent

Yous Tin can Help Stop Animal Testing

Nigh all federally funded research is paid for with your taxation dollars. Your lawmakers needs to know that you don't desire your coin used to pay for animal experiments.

Urge your members of Congress to endorse PETA'due south Enquiry Modernization Bargain, which provides a roadmap for modernizing U.Due south. investment in research past ending funding for useless experiments on animals and investing in effective research that's relevant to humans.

Take Action

Not a U.S. Resident? Take Activity Here

Animal Testing Facts and Figures

United States (2019)^one,2

• Almost i 1000000 animals are held captive in laboratories or used in experiments (excluding rats, mice, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and agronomical animals used in agricultural experiments), plus an estimated 100 million mice and rats

Canada (2020)³

• 5.07 million animals used in experiments
• 94,543 animals subjected to "severe pain nigh, at, or above the pain tolerance threshold of unanesthetized conscious animals"

Uk(2020)^iv

• 2.88 meg procedures on animals
• Of the 1.4 million experiments completed in 2020, 57,600 were assessed every bit "severe," including "long-term disease processes where aid with normal activities such as feeding and drinking are required or where significant deficits in behaviours/activities persist."

References

¹Creature and Plant Wellness Inspection Service, U.S. Section of Agronomics, "Annual Report Fauna Usage by Fiscal Year: Total Number of Animals Enquiry Facilities Used in Regulated Activities (Column B)" and "Annual Report Animal Usage by Fiscal Twelvemonth: Total Number of Animals Inquiry Facilities used in Regulated Activities (Column F)," 27 April. 2021.
ⁱⁱMadhusree Mukerjee, "Speaking for the Animals: A Veterinary Analyzes the Turf Battles That Take Transformed the Fauna Laboratory," Scientific American, Aug. 2004.
³Canadian Council on Animal Care,"CCAC 2020 Beast Data Study," 2021
⁴ U.G. Government, "Annual Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals, Great Britain 2020," Home Role, 15 July 2021.
⁵Cary Funk and Million Hefferon, "Most Americans Take Genetic Engineering of Animals That Benefits Homo Health, simply Many Oppose Other Uses," Pew Research Center, xvi Aug. 2018
⁶Peter Aldhous and Andy Coghlan, "Allow the People Speak," New Scientist 22 May 1999.
⁷Daniel G. Hackam, K.D., and Donald A. Redelmeier, K.D., "Translation of Research Evidence From Animals to Human," The Journal of the American Medical Clan 296 (2006): 1731-2.
^eightMarlene Simmons et al., "Cancer-Cure Story Raises New Questions," Los Angeles Times 6 May 1998.
⁹Rich McManus, "Ex-Managing director Zerhouni Surveys Value of NIH Research," NIH Record 21 June 2013.
¹⁰Jarrod Bailey, "An Assessment of the Part of Chimpanzees in AIDS Vaccine Research," Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36 (2008): 381-428.
^elevenSteve Connor and Chris Green, "Is It Time to Give Upward the Search for an AIDS Vaccine?" The Independent 24 April. 2008.
¹²National Institutes of Wellness, "Well-nigh New Therapeutic Uses," National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences ix Oct. 2019.
¹³Steve Woloshin, M.D., M.S., et al., "Press Releases by Bookish Medical Centers: Non So Academic?" Annals of Internal Medicine 150 (2009): 613-8.
^fourteenSteven Woloshin and Lisa Schwartz, "Media Reporting on Research Presented at Scientific Meetings: More Caution Needed," The Medical Journal of Australia 184 (2006): 576-fourscore.
¹⁵Diana E. Pankevich et al., "International Animal Research Regulations: Touch on Neuroscience Inquiry," The National Academies (2012).
^sixteenNational Institutes of Health, "Budget," (last accessed on 3 May 2021).
¹⁷Pankevich et a50.
¹⁸Deborah Ziff, "On Campus: PETA Sues UW Over Access to Research Records," Wisconsin State Journal 5 Apr. 2010.
¹⁹U.S. Section of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, "Fauna Welfare, Definition of Creature," Federal Register, 69 (2004): 31513-4.
^xxJustin Goodman et al., "Trends in Creature Use at The states Research Facilities," Periodical of Medical Ethics 0(2015): 1-3.
²¹The Associated Printing, "Animal Welfare Act May Non Protect All Critters," 7 May 2002.
²²U.S. Department of Agriculture, Creature and Institute Health Inspection Service, "Animal Care: Search."
²³U.South. Department of Agriculture, Office of Inspector Full general, "APHIS Animal Care Program, Inspection and Enforcement Activities," audit written report, 30 Sept. 2005.
²⁴U.Due south. Section of Agriculture, Animal and Constitute Wellness Inspection Service, "USDA Employee Survey on the Effectiveness of IACUC Regulations," April. 2000.
²⁵U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Inspector Full general, "APHIS Animal Intendance Plan, Inspection and Enforcement Activities," audit report, 30 Sept. 2005.
²⁶U.Due south. Section of Agriculture, Role of Inspector Full general, "Brute and Institute Health Inspection Service Oversight of Research Facilities," inspect report, Dec. 2014.
²⁷Lawrence A. Hansen et a50., "Analysis of Fauna Research Ideals Committee Membership at American Institutions," Animals 2 (2012): 68-75.
²⁸Pandora Pound and Michael Bracken, "Is Animal Enquiry Sufficiently Evidence Based To Exist A Cornerstone of Biomedical Inquiry?," BMJ (2014): 348.
²⁹Junhee Seok et al., "Genomic Responses in Mouse Models Poorly Mimic Human Inflammatory Diseases," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (2013): 3507-12.

Source: https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/animals-used-experimentation-factsheets/animal-experiments-overview/

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